Nowości

H. Allen Orr, "The Genetic Theory of Adaptation: A Brief History" (2005)

"Nature Reviews/Genetics" February 2005, vol. 6, s. 119-127.

Guillermo Gonzalez, "Habitable Zones in the Universe" (2005)

Comments: 71 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; to be published in "Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres" --- Abstract: --- Habitability varies dramatically with location and time in the universe. This was recognized centuries ago, but it was only in the last few decades that astronomers began to systematize the study of habitability. The introduction of the concept of the habitable zone was key to progress in this area. The habitable zone concept was first applied to the space around a star, now called the Circumstellar Habitable Zone. Recently, other, vastly broader, habitable zones have been proposed. We review the historical development of the concept of habitable zones and the present state of the research. We also suggest ways to make progress on each of the habitable zones and to unify them into a single concept encompassing the entire universe.

Bruce J. McFadden, "Fossil Horses - Evidence for Evolution" (2005)

"Science" 18 March 2005, vol. 307, s. 1728-1730. --- Abstract --- The modern day horse Equus is a beloved icon but also, thanks to its many fossil relatives, has proved valuable for understanding macroevolution (that is, the long-term evolution of species). In his Perspective, MacFadden discusses fossil evidence supporting a branching family tree for the Family Equidae and points out why horse fossils have been beneficial for understanding evolution.

Fyodor A. Kondrashov, "In search of the limits of evolution" pdf (2005)

Nature Genetics January 2005, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 9-10; http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v37/n1/pdf/ng0105-9.pdf

Axel Meyer, "On the Importance of Being Ernst Mayr" pdf (2005)

"PLoS Biology" May 2005, vol. 3, issue 5, e152, pp. 0100-0102; http://biology.plosjournals.org/archive/1545-7885/3/5/pdf/10.1371_journal.pbio.0030152-p-S.pdf

S. Goodacre, A. Helgason, J. Nicholson, L. Southam, L. Ferguson, E. Hickey, E. Vega, K. Stefánsson, R. Ward, and B. Sykes, "Genetic evidence for a family-based Scandinavian settlement of Shetland and Orkney during the Viking periods" (2005) pdf

"Heredity" 2005, s. 1-7; http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/hdy/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/6800661a.html&filetype=pdf --- Abstract --- The Viking age witnessed the expansion of Scandinavian invaders across much of northwestern Europe. While Scandinavian settlements had an enduring cultural impact on North Atlantic populations, the nature and extent of their genetic legacy in places such as Shetland and Orkney is not clear. In order to explore this question further, we have made an extensive survey of both Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in the North Atlantic region. Our findings indicate an overall Scandinavian ancestry of »44% for Shetland and »30% for Orkney, with approximately equal contributions from Scandinavian male and female subjects in both cases. This contrasts with the situation for the Western Isles, where the overall Scandinavian ancestry is less (»15%) and where there is a disproportionately high contribution from Scandinavian males. In line with previous studies, we find that Iceland exhibits both the greatest overall amount of Scandinavian ancestry (55%) and the greatest discrepancy between Scandinavian male and female components. Our results suggest that while areas close to Scandinavia, such as Orkney and Shetland, may have been settled primarily by Scandinavian family groups, lone Scandinavian males, who later established families with female subjects from the British Isles, may have been prominent in areas more distant from their homeland.

W. Martin, "Molecular evolution: Lateral gene transfer and other possibilities" (2005) pdf

"Heredity" June 2005, Volume 94, Number 6, Pages 565-566.

Sudhir Kumar, Alan Filipski, Vinod Swarna, Alan Walker, and S. Blair Hedges, "Placing confidence limits on the molecular age of the human–chimpanzee divergence" (2005)

PNAS December 27, 2005, vol. 102, no. 52, s. 18842–18847, http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/0509585102v1

J. Philippe Rushton. Race Evolution and Behavior. Skrócone.

J. Philippe Rushton. Race Evolution and Behavior: A Life History Perspective. 2nd spec. ab. ed. Transaction Publishers 2000.

Kevin MacDonald, The Culture of Critique: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth-Century Intellectual and Political Movements (1998, 2002) pdf

Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, (562) 985-8183; książka o objętości 541 stron.

Jerzy Kowalski-Glikman, "Ateny, Jerozolima, Pcim..." (2005) pdf

Recenzja: Francis Wheen, Jak brednie podbiły świat (Muza, Warszawa 2005), "Świat Nauki" Grudzień 2005, s. 83, http://www.swiatnauki.pl/pdf.pdz?pokplik=4431

Imre Lakatos, "Science and Pseudoscience" (1973) audio MP3

Science and Pseudoscience. --- Science and Pseudoscience was originally broadcast on 30 June 1973 as Programme 11 of The Open University Arts Course A303, 'Problems of Philosophy' and its text was subsequently published in Philosophy in the Open edited by Godfrey Vesey, Open University Press, 1974 and also as the Introduction to Lakatos's The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: Philosophical Papers Volume 1 (edited by John Worrall and Gregory Currie) Cambridge University Press, 1978. A Hungarian language version of the talk was broadcast by the BBC Hungarian World Service on 10th February 1974, eight days after Lakatos died on 2 February. Whilst based at the Hungarian Ministry of Culture in the later 1940s, he had been a leading figure in the immediate post-war Hungarian state higher-education reform that radically expanded popular access to higher education. It is recognised by UNESCO as one of the first and most outstanding national examples of the realisation of clause 1of Article 26 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights in respect of its declaration that "higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit." Science and Pseudoscience is Lakatos's most succinct public summary of his philosophy of science. In this talk he outlines his distinctive view of the importance of 'the demarcation problem' in the philosophy and history of science, namely the normative methodological problem of distinguishing between science and pseudo-science, and of why its solution is not merely an issue of 'armchair philosophy', but also one of vital social and political significance, and even of life and death itself. It reviews what he saw as the inadequacies of previous attempted solutions, such as both probative and probabilist inductivism, and how his own methodology of scientific research programmes solves some of the problems posed by the history of science for those of Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn. He proposes that scientists regard the successful theoretical prediction of stunning novel facts - such as the return of Halley's comet or the gravitational bending of light rays - as what demarcates good scientific theories from pseudo-scientific and degenerate theories, and in spite of all scientific theories being forever confronted by "an ocean of counterexamples". The talk includes his novel fallibilist analysis of the development of Newton's celestial dynamics, Lakatos's favourite historical example of his methodology. In her speech at the opening ceremony of the LSE Lakatos Building on 15 November 2001, Professor Nancy Cartwright FBA, Chair of the Centre for the Philosophy of Natural and Social Science (CPNSS) described Lakatos's philosophy of science, first published almost 40 years ago, as still unsuperseded. The 20 minute talk is essentially a brief summary of the central thesis of what sadly turned out to be the last annual course of Lakatos's renowned highly entertaining LSE lectures on Scientific Method, given in Autumn 1973, with their historical style of reviewing previous attempted solutions to the demarcation problem within the context of the history of dogmatism versus scepticism, and frequently punctuated by gales of laughter at his many characteristic intellectual jokes and amusing anecdotes whenever he lectured to an audience. The full contents of this last lecture course - but without the gales of laughter - are now published in an edited form as Chapter 1 of For and Against Method: Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend, edited by Matteo Motterlini, University of Chicago Press, 1999. The full unedited versions of their transliterations by Sandra Mitchell from original recordings of the lectures are available in the LSE Library Lakatos Archive. The full version of Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programmes was published in Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, edited by Imre Lakatos and Alan Musgrave, Cambridge University Press, 1970. Some historical case studies in Lakatos's methodology were published in Method and Appraisal in the Physical Sciences: the critical background to modern science 1800 to 1905, edited by Colin Howson and Method and Appraisal in Economics edited by Dr Spiro Latsis, both published by Cambridge University Press, 1976. There have been many publications on Lakatos's philosophy since his death, which have notably increased in the last 5 years as the intellectual world gradually begins to realise the depth and historical significance of his philosophy concentrated in his PhD thesis (or Proofs and Refutations) and just a few brief monographs. The latest of these publications is Appraising Lakatos: Mathematics, Methodology and the Man (Vienna Circle Institute Library) (edited by Kampis, Kvas, and Stoltzner) Kluwer, 2002, being the outcome of a conference at Eotvos University, Budapest in November 1997 to mark Lakatos's 75th birthday. This MP3 file will play in a variety of ways dependent upon the web browser used and its configuration. The file will either play as it is downloaded - known as 'streaming' - or download first before playing. The later will take sometime when connected to the Internet via a slow network connection. If you encounter problems, please ensure that you have a suitable helper application set or browser plug-in installed.

Derek D. Turner, "The past vs. the tiny: historical science and the abductive arguments for realism" (2004)

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 2004, vol. 35, pp. 1–17. --- Abstract --- Scientific realism is fundamentally a view about unobservable things, events, processes, and so on, but things can be unobservable either because they are tiny or because they are past. The familiar abductive arguments for scientific realism lend more justification to scientific realism about the tiny than to realism about the past. This paper examines both the ‘‘basic’’ abductive arguments for realism advanced by philosophers such as Ian Hacking and Michael Devitt, as well as Richard Boyd’s version of the inference to the best explanation of the success of science, and shows that these arguments provide less support to historical than to experimental realism. This is because unobservably tiny things can function both as unifiers of the phenomena and as tools for the production of new phenomena, whereas things in the past can only serve as unifiers of the phenomena. The upshot is that realists must not suppose that by presenting arguments for experimental realism they have thereby defended realism in general.

Christian C. Carman, "The electrons of the dinosaurs and the center of the Earth: comments on D.D. Turner's 'The past vs. the tiny: historical science and the abductive arguments for realism'" (2005)

"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science" 2005, vol. 36, pp. 171–173. --- Abstract: --- Turner [The past vs. the tiny: Historical science and the abductive arguments for realism. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 35A (2004) 1] claims that the arguments in favor of realism do not support with the same force both classes of realism, since they supply stronger reasons for experimental realism than for historical realism. I would like to make two comments, which should be seen as amplifications inspired by his proposal, rather than as a criticism. First, it is important to highlight that Turner's distinction between 'tiny' and 'past unobservables' is neither excluding nor exhaustive. Second, even if we agreed with everything that Turner says regarding the arguments for realism and their relative weight in order to justify the experimental or historical version, there is an aspect that Turner does not consider and that renders historical realism less problematic than experimental realism.

M.V. Simkin, V.P. Roychowdhury, "Read before you cite!" (2002)

 

M. Heller, M. Kokowski, M. Olejnik, A. Olszewski, W. Wójcik, "Czy darwinizm jest metafizycznym programem badawczym czy teorią naukową?" (1998)

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce 1998, z. 22, s. 93-113.

Jerzy Baczyński, Adam Szostkiewicz, "Rozmowa z księdzem profesorem Michałem Hellerem" (2004)

"Polityka" nr 52/2004 (2485).

Jan Such, "Rozwój Wszechświata w ujęciu kosmologicznym oraz filozoficznym" (2001) pdf

w: Krzysztof Łastowski, Paweł Zeidler (red.), Zaproszenie di filozofii. Wykłady z filozofii dla młodzieży, Wydawnictwo Humaniora, Poznań 2001. s. 9-18; http://www.staff.amu.edu.pl/%7Einsfil/mlodziez/such.pdf

Jan Such, "Teoria Wielkiego Wybuchu a problem wieczności świata" (2002) pdf

w: Krzysztof Łastowski, Paweł Zeidler (red.), Tropami filozofii. Wykłady z filozofii dla młodzieży, tom 2, Wydawnictwo Fundacji Humaniora, Poznań 2002, s. 9-14; http://www.staff.amu.edu.pl/%7Einsfil/mlodziez/tropami/such.pdf

Kurt Riezler. Physics and Reality.

Kurt Riezler. Physics and Reality. Lectures of Aristotle on Modern Physics at an International Congress of Science, 679 Olymp./1940 A.D., Cambridge. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, Conn, 1940

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